Mercurial Overview

Mercurial is a source-code management tool which allows users to keep track of changes to the source code locally and share their changes with others. We also support Git as VCS (see Firefox Contributors’ Quick Reference).

Installation

See Mercurial Page for installation.

Using hg clone

If you are not worried about network interruptions, then you can simply use Mercurial to directly clone the repository you’re interested in using its URL, as given below. For example, to use the command line to clone mozilla-central into a directory called firefox-source, you would use the following:

hg clone https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/ firefox-source
cd firefox-source

Using Mercurial bundles

If you are worried that your Internet connection is not fast or robust enough to download such a large amount of data all in one go without being interrupted and cannot clone using the command given above, then you are recommended to try Mercurial bundles. If interrupted, they can be resumed (continued without downloading from the beginning) if the app you’re using to download supports it. For example, in Firefox you would right click on the download and select Resume once your connection to the Internet was reestablished.

Basic configuration

You should configure Mercurial before submitting patches to Mozilla.

If you will be pulling the Firefox source code or one of the derived repositories, the easiest way to configure Mercurial is to run the vcs-setup mach command:

$ ./mach vcs-setup

This command starts an interactive wizard that will help ensure your Mercurial is configured with the latest recommended settings. This command will not change any files on your machine without your consent.

Other configuration tips

If you don’t have the Firefox source code available, you should edit your Mercurial configuration file to look like the following:

[ui]
username = Your Real Name <user@example.com>
merge = your-merge-program (or internal:merge)

[diff]
git = 1
showfunc = 1
unified = 8

[defaults]
commit = -v

These settings can be added to $HOME/.hgrc (Linux/macOS) or $HOME\Mercurial.ini (Windows).

You can configure the editor to use for commit messages using the editor option in the [ui] section or by setting the EDITOR environment variable.

If you are trying to access the repository through a proxy server, see these instructions

Selecting a repository (tree)

There are multiple hg repositories hosted at mozilla.org to choose from. A summary of the main trees is given below, but see https://hg.mozilla.org/ for the full list.

mozilla-central

This is the main development tree for Firefox. Most developers write patches against mozilla-central.

URL: https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/

mozilla-beta

The source for the current beta version of Firefox (and the next and all previous betas). This code represents the expected next release of the Firefox browser, and should be pretty stable.

URL: https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-beta/

mozilla-release

The source for the current release of Firefox (and the next and all previous releases).

URL: https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-release/

autoland

This is the integration tree for Firefox. Patches land in this repository first, and then are merged by the sheriffs in mozilla-central.

URL: https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/autoland/

L10n repos

Mainly useful for localizers working on localizing Firefox. Code for all l10n projects lives here and is organized into separate repos that (in most cases) have the locale’s two character ISO code. To get the repo that you need look for the repo you’re interested in on the following page.

URL: https://hg.mozilla.org/l10n-central/

Unified Repositories

It is common for advanced users to want to interact with more than one firefox repository. If you get to the point where having individual copies of repositories is annoying you, then see https://mozilla-version-control-tools.readthedocs.org/en/latest/hgmozilla/unifiedrepo.html for instructions on doing this efficiently.

Selecting a revision to build

Most of the time the tip revision of most repositories will build without issue. If you are worried about it not, then you may want to stick to mozilla-central.

Building

By default with no configuration a similar-to-release build is done. If you wish you can configure the build using a .mozconfig file and mach build. Different OSs have different prerequisites for a successful build, please refer to the build documentation to verify they are available on your build machine.

Extensions

There’s a number of extensions you can enable. See http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/UsingExtensions. Almost everyone should probably enable the following, most of them are enabled by mach bootstrap:

  1. color - Colorize terminal output

  2. histedit - Provides git rebase –interactive behavior.

  3. rebase - Ability to easily rebase patches on top of other heads.

  4. evolve - Enable and enhance the inprogress ChangesetEvolution work.

  5. firefoxtree - Enhances the interaction with Firefox repositories.

These can all be turned on by just adding this to your .hgrc file:

[extensions]
color =
rebase =
histedit =
firefoxtree =
evolve =

In addition, there are some 3rd party extensions that are incredibly useful for basic development:

mozext

Mozilla-specific functionality to aid in developing Firefox/Gecko.

Configuring the try repository

About Pushing to Try.

Learning to use Mercurial

If you are new to Mercurial, you should start with the official guide.

Then, move on to the version control tool docs for Mozilla-centric Mercurial information.